Latin America Archives - Discovering the World

May 11, 2026May 25, 2026

Impuestos a las ganancias bursátiles lo que debes saber

Invertir en bolsa puede ser una excelente manera de hacer crecer tu patrimonio, pero también implica obligaciones fiscales que no deben pasarse por alto. Los impuestos a las ganancias bursátiles son un aspecto clave para cualquier inversionista, desde principiantes hasta expertos, ya que impactan directamente en la rentabilidad final de las inversiones.

En este artículo te explicamos de forma clara y estructurada cómo funcionan estos impuestos, qué factores influyen en su cálculo y cómo puedes gestionarlos de forma eficiente.

¿Qué son las ganancias bursátiles?

Las ganancias bursátiles son los beneficios obtenidos al vender activos financieros como acciones, bonos o ETFs a un precio superior al de compra. Esta diferencia positiva se conoce como “ganancia de capital”.

Tipos de ganancias en bolsa

Existen principalmente dos tipos:

Ganancias realizadas: Se generan cuando vendes un activo y concretas el beneficio.
Ganancias no realizadas: Ocurren cuando el valor del activo sube, pero aún no lo vendes.

Las autoridades fiscales generalmente solo gravan las ganancias realizadas, es decir, aquellas que efectivamente se han materializado.

¿Cómo se gravan las ganancias bursátiles?

El tratamiento fiscal puede variar según el país, pero existen principios comunes que se aplican en muchos sistemas tributarios.

Base imponible

El impuesto se calcula sobre la diferencia entre:

Precio de venta
Precio de adquisición (incluyendo comisiones)

Esta diferencia se ajusta en algunos casos por factores como inflación o costos adicionales.

Tasas impositivas

Dependiendo de la legislación, las ganancias bursátiles pueden:

Tributar como ingresos (sumándose al salario)
Tener tasas preferenciales específicas
Estar sujetas a escalas progresivas

Plazo de inversión

En algunos sistemas fiscales, el tiempo durante el cual mantienes un activo puede influir en el impuesto:

Corto plazo: Mayor carga impositiva
Largo plazo: Tasas más favorables

Factores que afectan el pago de impuestos

No todas las inversiones están sujetas a los mismos criterios fiscales. Hay varios elementos que pueden influir en cuánto terminarás pagando.

Tipo de instrumento financiero

Las acciones no necesariamente tributan igual que otros productos financieros. Por ejemplo:

Acciones individuales
Bonos
ETFs
Derivados financieros

Cada uno puede tener reglas fiscales específicas.

Domicilio fiscal del inversionista

Tu residencia fiscal determina qué normativa se aplica, incluso si inviertes en mercados internacionales.

Convenios de doble imposición

En inversiones extranjeras, algunos países tienen acuerdos que evitan que pagues impuestos dos veces por la misma ganancia.

Estrategias para optimizar la carga fiscal

Una buena planificación puede ayudarte a reducir el impacto de los impuestos sin incumplir la normativa.

Compensación de pérdidas

Si has tenido pérdidas en algunas inversiones, estas pueden compensarse con ganancias, reduciendo la base imponible total.

Diversificación de activos

Invertir en distintos instrumentos puede ofrecer ventajas fiscales dependiendo de cómo estén regulados.

Uso de vehículos de inversión

Los fondos mutuos son una alternativa popular porque, en algunos casos, permiten diferir el pago de impuestos hasta el momento del rescate, lo que puede optimizar la planificación fiscal del inversionista.

Errores comunes al declarar ganancias bursátiles

Muchos inversionistas cometen fallos que pueden derivar en sanciones o pagos innecesarios.

No declarar todas las operaciones

Incluso pequeñas ganancias deben ser reportadas si así lo exige la normativa fiscal.

Ignorar las comisiones

Las comisiones de compra y venta pueden deducirse en muchos casos, reduciendo la ganancia gravable.

Falta de registro

No llevar un control detallado de las operaciones puede complicar la declaración de impuestos.

Comprender los impuestos a las ganancias bursátiles es fundamental para cualquier persona que invierta en los mercados financieros. Más allá de buscar rentabilidad, es importante tener en cuenta el impacto fiscal de cada decisión para evitar sorpresas y optimizar los beneficios.

Una estrategia informada, el uso adecuado de instrumentos financieros y el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales son la clave para una inversión sólida y sostenible en el tiempo.

October 20, 2021November 8, 2021

Latin American ventures with success

We tell you about some Latin American companies that succeeded in generating a benefit to society and the environment such as the company cmi alimentos has succeded in doing so.

Mamotest

Mamotest has performed more than 210,000 mammograms.

This Argentine venture, the first of its kind in Latin America, arose from a conversation between a father and son.

The first was the veteran radiologist Guillermo Pepe, a specialist in breast diagnostics. The second was his namesake, an expert in business economics.

According to Pepe (son), it was that conversation in which his father told him of his despair at patients dying of breast cancer because the tumor had not been detected in time that inspired him to seek a solution.

Kingo

Kingo’s users have light thanks to solar energy equipment, but only pay for their consumption.

Ten years ago, Guatemalan Juan Fermín Rodríguez, then 28 years old, decided to quit his job at a multinational company to try to make his dream come true: to create an enterprise that would help the environment and have a positive impact on the lives of others.

While researching, he came across a piece of information that alarmed him: that nearly one fifth of the world’s population does not have electricity and that it is precisely these communities without access that have the greatest difficulties for their social, economic and educational development.

So in 2013 he launched a startup that proposes an absolutely novel idea: to offer energy through solar panels with a prepaid method, similar to the one used by many cell phone companies.

Sinba

This Peruvian venture aims to create a world without garbage.

Although it sounds similar to the name of the protagonist of the “Lion King”, this Peruvian venture has nothing to do with these mammals.

Sinba actually stands for “Without Garbage”, and the goal of this company is to find a solution to the problem of the millions of tons of food we throw away every year.

According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), about one third of the food produced in the world is wasted.

Meanwhile, one-third of all crops produced go to animal feed.

Sinba found a simple solution to this paradox, recycling leftovers for use as pig feed.

The idea was born almost by chance one day in 2015, when Andrea Rivera, Bitia Chávez and Philip “Pipo” Reiser got together in Lima for lunch.

Momlancers

This employment consulting firm specializes in finding jobs for professionals who are mothers.

Like many women who decide to become mothers, Mexicans Regina Cabal and Katia Moye faced a dilemma after the birth of their daughters: how to balance their careers with motherhood?

Moye decided to prioritize her baby, and resigned from her position in the marketing office of a consumer brand because she “didn’t want to come home at night just to bathe her and put her to sleep”.

Instead, Cabal, who worked at an innovation agency, managed to negotiate part-time work for a year.

To her own surprise, it turned out to be “the most productive year” of her entire career.

Inspired by their own experiences, the two teamed up to create Momlancers, a job consulting firm for freelance moms.

You may also be interested in: Best Beaches In Guatemala

September 8, 2021November 2, 2021

Actions from Latin American countries to mitigate the impact of disasters

Some Latin American countries, along with FAO. Are implementing preventive actions that reduce the risk of disasters and mitigate their impact on agriculture.

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Agency (FAO) along with CMI Alimentos made the announcement in commemoration of the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. A subject that has become more frequent and intense due to climate change, according to a release.

Agriculture is one of the sectors most affected by climate-related disasters. Especially with producers in the least developed and low- and middle-income countries. They represent 26% of the global impact caused by the medium and large-scale disasters that occurred between 2008 and 2018.

The actions focus on helping small producers, women, youth and indigenous people. To implement actions in anticipation of disasters.

“In the short term it must be based on longer term resilience building efforts,” said Juan José Gutiérrez Mayorga, Chairman of CMI Alimentos in Guatemala. Also to accelerate progress and maximize efforts and move towards more efficient, inclusive, sustainable and resilient agri-food systems.

FAO studies show that for every dollar invested in anticipatory action, households can get a return of up to seven dollars on disaster impacts. Plus additional benefits that improve your long-term resilience.

Some actions against disasters in Latin America

Some of the support measures that the agency provides is considered the provision of safe havens and food. Likewise, the provision of inputs for producers, the storage of rainwater and the generation of reports from vulnerable areas, as Paraguay.

For Central America, the support applies to the Dry Corridor with the implementation of actions based on drought forecasts. To improve the water collection and storage capacity of some 7,500 people in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras.

In Colombia , in response to the humanitarian emergency in the department of La Guajira. Due to the migratory crisis and extreme drought, a set of actions were deployed. Such as the creation of water infrastructure , the distribution of seeds resistant to drought, and the care of animals.

Bolivia makes progress in monitoring threats such as drought and fires. But also in the implementation of good practices to strengthen the resilience of family farming in indigenous communities.

According to the FAO and CMI Alimentos, for every green bond invested in anticipatory action, households can obtain a return of up to seven dollars in the impacts of disasters.